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挖沙船是水下土石方的施工機(jī)械，主要用于挖深、加寬和清理現(xiàn)有的航道和港口;開挖新的航道、港口和運河;疏浚碼頭、船塢、船閘及其他水工建筑物的基槽以及將挖出的泥沙拋入深?；虼堤钣陉懮贤莸卦?/span>田等。它是重要機(jī)械，造價也不菲，所以在使用挖沙船的時候，從啟動到工作結(jié)束都要密切注意挖沙船的工作動向，要特別注意以下事項：
1、啟動挖沙船發(fā)動機(jī)以后怠速運行10分鐘左右，水溫、油溫、油壓達(dá)到規(guī)定要求的情況下就可以開始生產(chǎn)。特別是寒冷的冬季更要注意進(jìn)行預(yù)熱。
2、開始準(zhǔn)備工作，操作人員先打開挖沙船操作柜上的24v電源總開關(guān)。然后通過挖沙船橋架絞車下降橋架和吸沙管、使絞刀沉入水中，再啟動沖水泵沖水。然后齒輪箱與砂泵再通過操作臺上的合排開關(guān)合排使發(fā)動機(jī)帶動齒輪箱驅(qū)動砂泵工作。慢慢提高發(fā)動機(jī)到規(guī)定轉(zhuǎn)速。但齒輪箱合排的轉(zhuǎn)速是發(fā)動機(jī)最低轉(zhuǎn)速絕對不允許發(fā)動機(jī)在高速情況下合排。在砂泵吸到水，排管管道出口，正常出水后，就可以啟動絞刀使用左右橫移開始生產(chǎn)工。特別注意：挖沙船在施工生產(chǎn)中做扇形運動時定位樁切不可同時插入泥沙中。操作中絕對不允許。挖沙船在施工中如需砂泵暫停運轉(zhuǎn)就需要脫排，齒輪箱脫開砂泵運轉(zhuǎn)。挖沙船發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速必須降到最低轉(zhuǎn)速才可以脫排。
甲板操作人員也要通過，聞、聽、看、觀察甲板以上的情況。聞是否有異味，聽是否有異常聲音，看挖沙船操作室操作柜上的監(jiān)控儀表是否正常，過往船舶動向。甲板上液壓系統(tǒng)管道和水下管道是否漏油等。
4、工作結(jié)束，要停止發(fā)動機(jī)時通過橋架絞車提升使橋架絞刀離開沙土層，停在水里一段時間繼續(xù)抽水。使挖沙船整個排泥沙管道無泥沙，然后降低發(fā)動機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速脫排使砂泵停止工作，再通過挖沙船橋架絞車，提升橋架離開水面，加上保險?？梢酝Ｖ拱l(fā)動機(jī)，關(guān)閉海底閥，還有其它閥門，切斷電源，關(guān)閉窗門。
The matters needing attention from starting to end the whole process of dredging
Dredging sand is the construction machinery of underwater earthwork, it is mainly used to dig deeper, widen and clean up existing waterways and ports; the excavation of new waterway, port and canal; dredging dock, dock, shiplock and other hydraulic structures, and the sediment dug into the deep sea or blown into the land-based depressions make. It is an important machine, the cost is also expensive, so when using dredging sand, from start-up to end of work must pay close attention to dig sand
Work trends, pay special attention to the following matters:
1, start digging sand engine idle running after 10 minutes or so, water temperature, oil temperature, oil pressure to meet the requirements of the situation can start production. In particular, the cold winter should pay attention to preheating.
2, start preparation work, the operator first open the dredging vessel operation Cabinet of 24v power total switch. Then through the Dredging boat bridge winch down the bridge and suction sand tube, so that the cutter sink into the water, then start flushing water pump. Then the gear box and the sand pump and then through the operation stage of the combined line switch to make the engine drive the gear box driving sand pump work. Slowly improve the engine to the prescribed speed. However, the speed of the gear box is the lowest engine speed absolutely not allow the engine in high speed situation in the row. In the sand pump suction to the water, pipe outlet, normal water, you can start the cutter use of the left and right transverse move to start production construction. Special attention: Dredging sand in construction production to do a fan movement when positioning piles must not simultaneously inserted into the sediment. The operation is absolutely not permitted. Dredging vessels in the construction of the need for sand pump suspended operation, the gear box to remove the sand pump operation. The rotational speed of the dredge engine must be reduced to the lowest rotational speed before it can be discharged.
3, in the work, dredging vessels operator indoor operators to pass, smell, listen, look, touch, observe the cabin situation. Smell whether there is abnormal sound, listen to see whether the engine monitoring meter is normal. The hydraulic system is leaking oil, the cooling system is leaking, the engine has three leaks. Leaking, leaking oil, leak. Touch the temperature of the motion parts of the magnitude of vibration sensation.
Deck operators also have to pass, smell, listen, look, and observe the deck above. Smell whether there is abnormal sound, listen to see whether the operation of dredging vessels operating room monitor meter is normal, past ship movements. On deck hydraulic system piping and underwater pipelines are leaking oil, etc.
4, the end of the work, to stop the engine through the bridge winch hoist to make the bridge Reamer left the sandy layer, stopping in the water for a period of time to continue pumping. So that the whole sediment pipeline of dredging vessels without sediment, and then reduce the engine rotational speed to remove the sand pump to stop working, and then through the dredging boat bridge winch, lifting the bridge to leave the water, plus insurance. Can stop the engine, shut down the bottom valve, and other valves, cut off the power supply, shut down the windows.